What is the difference between Green Tea and Black Tea?

The main difference between green tea and black tea is that black tea is oxidized during production while green tea is not.

Tea is an addictive beverage we all love. It is true that green and black tea varies in colour and taste. These differences are a result of their manufacturing process. During the process of black tea production, manufacturers first roll the tea leaves and then expose the tea leaves to air to enhance the oxidation process. Consequently, the leaves become dark brown, and the flavors get more intense. However, green tea has a relatively light colour and a milder taste than black. This is mainly because manufacturers focus on avoiding oxidation during the processing of green tea. Despite these differences, both varieties provide significant benefits to your health.

Green tea is a common variety of tea produced using the evergreen Camellia sinensis plant. In processing green tea, the manufacturers heat the leaves of green tea just after harvesting them in order to avoid the process of oxidation.

Geographically, green tea plantations can be mainly found in China and Japan. When it comes to brewing, we usually use water with a relatively low temperature to prepare green tea (at or around 175 degrees). Some Japanese green teas, such as Kabusecha and Gyokuro, require a much lower temperature, around 140 degrees.

Black tea is another variety of tea prepared by the leaves taken from the same plant Camellia sinensis. However, unlike the leaves of green tea, the manufactures completely oxidize the black tea leaves right after harvesting them. The process of oxidation turns the leaves into a dark brown or a black shade, unlike the green tea leaves, which preserve their natural green shade.

Currently, different varieties of black tea are mainly grown in India and China. Some of the world-famous black tea varieties are Assam, Golden Yunnan and Darjeeling. Further, Vietnam and Nepal are the other two large-scale black tea producing  Asian countries in the world.

In contrast to green tea, when brewing black tea, we use boiling water at or around a temperature of 212 degrees. Moreover, we steep black tea for about 3-5 minutes.

What is Refresh Rate in Display? How is it different from Frame Rate?

Refresh rate is the frequency at which the screen updates with new images each second, measured in hertz (cycles per second). The content may look steady on the display, but what the viewer can’t see is how fast the content is changing — up to 360 times a second. The higher the refresh rate, the smoother the visual quality.

Super high monitor refresh rates aren’t all that important for office workers focused on lighter computing like word processing, spreadsheets and emails. But in more visual professions like creative production and game development, a high refresh rate for monitors is invaluable.

The standard refresh rate for desktop monitors is 60Hz. But in recent years, more specialized, high performing monitors have been developed that support 120Hz, 144Hz and even 240Hz refresh rates, which ensure ultra-smooth content viewing, even for the most demanding visual processing needs.

Just buying a high refresh rate monitor doesn’t mean the display quality will magically improve. The monitor’s refresh rate reflects the maximum rate at which the display can change the visuals. What happens on the screen depends on the frame rate of the output — the number of video frames that are sent to the display each second.

The majority of Movies, for example, are shot and produced at 24 frames per second (fps), so a 60Hz monitor will easily offer smooth playback. But having a 120Hz monitor (or even faster) won’t provide any visible benefit to playback quality.

Refresh rate is a measure of how many frames a monitor can refresh every second. FPS, however, is a measure of the ability of the graphics card to draw a number of frames on the display each second. While both are a measure of different things, they are directly related and affect each other.

What are Nits in Display?

A Nit (nt) is a unit that represents the intensity of visible light. Nits are commonly used to describe the brightness of video displays, such as LED panels. The name nit is believed to have come from the Latin nitere, a word meaning 'to shine'. 

One nit is equal to one candela per square meter. You may have seen light measures like candelas, lumens, lux, and others. But the nit, because it is a measurement of luminous intensity over a given area, makes it more useful for comparing relative brightnesses of displays even if they're not all the exact same size. It is the measurement you are going to see most.

Another common measurement of light intensity, the lumen, is often used in rating projectors, so you may run across it. It is a measurement of reflected light at a distance from the reflecting surface. And because projectors are still often used in indoor venues, comparing nits and lumens can be useful. In round terms, 1 nit is equal 3.5 lumens (3.426 to be more exact).

A simple way to remember the difference between nits and lumens is that the nit is analogous to sunlight, direct light; while the lumen is more like moonlight, or reflected light.

How does a Ball Point Pen work?

A Ball point pen is a pen that uses a small rotating ball made of brass, steel, or tungsten carbide to disperse ink as you write. All of the pens that preceded the ballpoint -- whether quill, metal or fountain -- used a watery, dark india ink that fed through the pen using capillary action. The ink can flow unevenly.

The ball is located in between the ink reservoir and the paper by a socket, and while it's in tight, it has enough room to roll around as you write. As the pen moves across the paper, the ball turns and gravity forces the ink down the reservoir and onto the ball where it is transferred onto the paper. It's this rolling mechanism that allows the ink to flow onto the top of the ball and roll onto the paper you're writing on, while at the same time sealing the ink from the air so it does not dry in the reservoir.

How does Digital Thermometer Work?

Digital Thermometers are slowly replacing the conventional mercury thermometer due to the ease of taking reading. People often have the misconception that it contains mercury. Digital Thermometers are mercury free. These thermometers contain thermistor inside the tip which is used to measure the temperature. They provide quick and highly accurate results over the body temperature range. 

These thermometers are easy to read with LCD display on them. They are equipped with beep alarm & memory function and can record a wide range of temperature. Doctor’s thermometer which are mostly used can read temperature between 94oF and 105oF (35oC and 42oC). It is three in one thermometer as it can record oral, auxiliary and rectal temperatures.

The tip is said as the heart of the thermometer. It is the placed closed to the body part to measure the temperature of the body. The tip of the Thermometer contains thermistor to measure temperature. It is a ceramic semiconductor which is bonded in the tip with temperature sensitive epoxy. It is covered with a cap so to prevent it from the outer world. The cap may be made up of metal or stainless steel. Thermistor is responsible for converting the physical temperature into electrical signals.

Thermistor is a special kind of semiconductor in which the value of resistance changes with the change in temperature. Due to change in resistance value, the output voltage changes and the temperature change is detected.

What is Tempered Glass?

Tempered glass is not harder or softer, easier to scratch, break, or more porous than annealed, but it is tougher. Tempered glass is designed to use in areas where there is a high risk of contact, temperature changes, high temperatures, and breakage.You will often find tempered glass in architectural situations like windows, glass railing, wall cladding, shelving, doors, and showers. 

Unlike annealed glass or what we know as “ordinary” glass, tempered glass does not break into large jagged shards that can cause serious injuries. Instead, it breaks into smaller granular pieces that are less likely to cause harm. This is why tempered glass is used in passenger vehicle windows, refrigerator trays, shower enclosures, microwave ovens, and other things we use on a regular basis.Tempered glass is also much stronger than annealed glass. It undergoes a complex manufacturing process that toughens it both physically and thermally.

To prepare glass for the tempering process, it must first be cut to the desired size. The glass is then examined for imperfections that could cause breakage at any step during tempering. An abrasive such as sand paper takes sharp edges off the glass, which is subsequently washed. Next, the glass begins a heat treatment process in which it travels through a tempering oven, either in a batch or continuous feed. The oven heats the glass to a temperature of more than 600 degrees Celsius. (The industry standard is 620 degrees Celsius.) The glass then undergoes a high-pressure cooling procedure called "quenching." During this process, which lasts just seconds, high-pressure air blasts the surface of the glass from an array of nozzles in varying positions. Quenching cools the outer surfaces of the glass much more quickly than the center. As the center of the glass cools, it tries to pull back from the outer surfaces. As a result, the center remains in tension, and the outer surfaces go into compression, which gives tempered glass its strength. 

Another approach to making tempered glass is chemical tempering, in which various chemicals exchange ions on the surface of the glass in order to create compression. Glass in tension breaks about five times more easily than it does in compression. Annealed glass will break at 6,000 pounds per square inch (psi). Tempered glass, according to federal specifications, must have a surface compression of 10,000 psi or more; it generally breaks at approximately 24,000 psi.

What Do We Actually Smell When It Rains?

When those first fat drops of summer rain fall to the hot, dry ground, have you ever noticed a distinctive odor? Of course rain itself has no scent. But moments before a rain event, an “earthy” smell known as petrichor does permeate the air. People call it musky, fresh, generally pleasant.

Petrichor is the term coined by Australian scientists in 1964 to describe the unique, earthy smell associated with rain. It is caused by the water from the rain, along with certain compounds like ozone, geosmin, and plant oils.

Petrichor is a combination of fragrant chemical compounds. Some are from oils made by plants. The main contributor to petrichor are actinobacteria. These tiny microorganisms can be found in rural and urban areas as well as in marine environments. They decompose dead or decaying organic matter into simple chemical compounds which can then become nutrients for developing plants and other organisms.

A byproduct of their activity is an organic compound called geosmin which contributes to the petr
ichor scent. Geosmin is a type of alcohol, like rubbing alcohol. Alcohol molecules tend to have a strong scent, but the complex chemical structure of geosmin makes it especially noticeable to people even at extremely low levels. Our noses can detect just a few parts of geosmin per trillion of air molecules.

When raindrops fall on the ground, especially porous surfaces such as loose soil or rough concrete, they will splatter and eject tiny particles called aerosols. The geosmin and other petrichor compounds that may be present on the ground or dissolved within the raindrop are released in aerosol form and carried by the wind to surrounding areas. If the rainfall is heavy enough, the petrichor scent can travel rapidly downwind and alert people that rain is soon on the way.

What Is The Difference Between Map And Globe?

A map and a globe are very much different. While a map gives a two dimensional presentation of certain regions in the world, a globe gives a three dimensional presentation of the entire world. A map is easy to use and portable, whereas a globe is not. The regions can be easily identified in a map than in a globe.

A map presents the physical features of a particular region of the earth on a plane surface. Maps come with various symbols and signs related to the geographical and physical features. A globe can be called as a duplicate earth. It is round in shape and shows accurat
e areas, distances, directions and relative shape and size.

A map presents a distorted view as it is flat. On the contrary, a globe presents a less deformed view as it is round in shape. When talking of accuracy, a globe is more accurate than the map. Maps may have wide gaps between regions, that are not seen in globes that only give the right measurements. In a map, one can see that the land towards the North Pole is shown larger than they are. It can also be seen that Antarctica is stretched shown as a stretched continent when it is actually round.

If a person is looking for more details, the map is the best one as it features a lot about specific regions. A map may include the boundaries, rail routes, climatic conditions, latitudes, longitudes and a lot more. Moreover, there are also various types of maps like geographical, physical, weather, tourism and transportation maps to name a few. Globe does not have all these minute details and also does not have many variations.

What Is The Difference Between Polarized And Non Polarized Sunglasses?

The difference between polarized and nonpolarized sunglasses lies in how they impact your eyesight while in the sun. Polarized sunglasses have the ability to reduce the amount of glares and sun hazes you’ll experience while in sunny environments, while nonpolarized sunglasses will not.

Polarized sunglasses contain polarized lenses. These lenses are treated with a special coating that gives them enhanced anti-blur and anti-haze protection, keeping your vision in the sun clearer than ever.  This coating is where the magic happens and helps make polarized eyewear the premier choice of lens type for drivers, hikers, and athletes. 

Non polarized lenses reduce the brightness of all kinds of light. This way they make it easier for us to see in strong light but they don’t do anything to help with the glare we can experience. They basically just reduce the amount of light getting to your eyes, which is definitely helpful but might not be the perfect solution to specific sunwear woes.

What’s the difference between Optical Zoom and Digital Zoom?

Zoom is a term that is often used in photography which signifies a change in the apparent distance between the camera and the subject. Zooming in photography is generally of two main types optical zoom and digital zoom. Both the methods use different technologies and produce different qualities in the results.

The main difference between optical zoom and digital zoom is that optical zoom involves a physical camera lens movement, which changes the apparent closeness of the image by altering its focal length whereas in digital zoom, the pixels are enlarged at the center of the screen and the scene being clicked is magnified.

Optical zoom is caused by the physical movement of the lens of the camera. It helps to magnify the scene without affecting the quality of the photo. Optical zoom provides clearer and zoomed photos. Optical zoom works by altering the focal length of the lens, thus bringing the image closer.

On the other hand, digital zoom is a type of inbuilt processing software in the camera that the user can use to zoom in after the picture has been clicked. It is done by enlarging the pixels in the center of the screen therefore it causes a decrease in the quality of the image and less resolution.

What is a Heart Murmur? What are some common reasons that Heart Murmurs occur?

Doctors listen to heart sounds by stethoscope. Normally heart sounds like "lub-dup". So there are two sounds : first heart sound (S1) and the second heart sound (S2). Sometimes a water flow like (whooshing or swishing) sound accompanies the "lub-dup". This is called heart murmur.

Heart murmurs are produced by turbulent blood flow across an abnormal heart valve, septal defect of heart or outflow obstruction from heart; or they may be produced by increased volume or velocity of blood flow through a normal heart valve.

Murmurs are produced both in normal and abnormal heart. Heart of pregnant woman and athletes may produce murmurs. These are the examples of "Innocent murmurs".

Other causes of heart murmur are : Valvular heart diseases (mitral stenosis and regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis and regurgitation, aortic stenosis and regurgitation, pulmonary stenosis and regurgitation), Patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect etc.

Are Apple seeds poisonous?

Apples are a popular and healthy fruit. Apples are easy to cultivate and tailor to certain tastes because of their resilient genetic diversity. They also have antioxidant properties that help protect against cancer-inducing oxidative damage, which can lead to various health problems. The saying “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” has withstood the test of time because of the impressive health profile of apples.

But as you bite deep into an apple, you are confronted with something not so sweet in its core: tiny black seeds. Unlike the sweet tang of the fruit, the tiny black seeds are another story. They contain amygdalin, a substance that releases cyanide when it comes into contact with human digestive enzymes. But acute toxicity is rare if you accidentally eat some of the seeds.

How cyanide works:

Cyanide is a chemical known as one of the deadliest poisons. It has been used in chemical warfare and mass suicide. Many compounds that contain cyanide—called cyanoglycosides—are found in nature, often in fruit seeds. Amygdalin is one of these.

Apple seeds, and many other fruit seeds or pits, have a strong outer layer resistant to digestive juices. But if you chew the seeds, amygdalin could be released in the body and produce cyanide. Small amounts can be detoxified by enzymes in your body. However, large amounts can be dangerous.

How much cyanide is lethal?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, 1–2 mg/kg is a fatal oral dose of cyanide for a 154 lbs. (70 kg) man. Most apple cores contain around 5 apple seeds. However, this amount will vary based on the health of the plant. You would need to finely chew and eat about 200 apple seeds, or about 40 apple cores, to receive a fatal dose.

The Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR) says that exposure to even small amounts of cyanide can be dangerous. Cyanide can harm the heart and brain, and even lead to coma and death. ATSDR adds that people should avoid eating the seeds of apples, and the pits of fruits that include: peaches, apricots ,cherries.

Why do we get a runny nose after we Cry?

This runny nose is not mucus, but it actually is tears that came from your eyes.

Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland or commonly known as your tear gland located just above your eyes. Tears are important as a lubricant and to clean our eyes from particles in the air and are consistently produced by blinking our eyes. That is why when you feel your eyes are dry you are told to blink more. The tears are drained out to our noses through a lacrimal punctum. The lacrimal punctum is located in the inner corner of your eyes at both the upper and bottom eyelids. It is a small hole where your tears are drained to. In normal circumstances, the tears produced are very little and thus you may not notice it as it went into your nose. However, when you are crying you produced an excess of tears, and this tear goes into your nose mixed with the mucus that is already there and produces the snot which you usually have following a cry.

A blocked tear duct is a full or partial obstruction (blockage) in the nasal (nose) passageways that drain tears. If you have a blocked tear duct, your eyes may be itchy, irritated and watery. Another name for a blocked tear duct is nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Lacrimal refers to tears.

When a blocked tear duct doesn't open on its own, these techniques can help infants and adults:

Massage:

One of the easiest ways to fix a blockage in babies (or adults) is to massage the lacrimal sac -- the area where tears drain from the eye into the tear duct.

Antibiotics:

Your doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointment.

Tear Duct Probing:

If your child's tear duct doesn't open on its own by age one, the doctor can do a procedure to remove the blockage.

For a few hours after tear duct probing, some children have blood-colored fluid drain from the eye.

Balloon Catheter Dilation:

If the blockage doesn't get better on its own or with probing, the doctor might try balloon catheter dilation.

What is the difference between a Biodata, CV and Resume?

Different formats are used in different job proposals, and knowing about all the formats is good.

Biodata:

Bio-data stands for Biographical data and is an archaic term for Resume or C.V. In a bio data, the focus is on personal particulars like date of birth, gender, religion, race, nationality, residence, marital status, and the like. A chronological listing of education and experience comes after that.

Unlike other formats, a biodata does not have much in terms of formatting and in most cases the format is provided by the institution. This makes it easy to collect data in very sequential manner but this format does not do much in the case of explaining the skills as it is not tailored according to the need of the company although it does prove ample amount of information about one’s skills and talents.

A biodata can range from about 1 page to 3 page depending on the quantity of information required by the institute.

C.V. (CURRICULUM VITAE):

Curriculum Vitae is a Latin word meaning “course of life”. It is more detailed than a resume, generally 2 to 3 pages, or even longer as per the requirement. This format is used when we want to describe our life’s activity in detail format. It covers general talent rather than specific skills for any specific positions.

A CV is generally used by college freshers or recent graduate seeking for the job. It can also be used by someone who is seeking a job change or someone who has not been in the industry for a long period of time. Although it is sort of a biography, there are certain rules to be followed to make sure that your CV is consistent with the general convention and trends used for writing the CV.

Resume:

Resume is a French word meaning “summary”. A resume is an outline or summary of one’s education, skills and employment. It does not list down all details of a profile, but showcases specific skills customized to the target job. It is thus usually 1 or at the max 2 pages long, written in the third person to give it an objective and formal tone.

Your resume must contain information in a condensed manner. Here you are required to provide only those skills and experiences that are relevant and essential for the job you have applied. You do not need to fill up everything that you may have in your arsenal of talent.

A good resume would start with a brief Profile of the candidate, Summary of Qualifications, followed by Industry Expertise and Professional Experience in reverse chronological order. Focus is on the most recent experiences, followed by responsibilities and accomplishments. Previous experiences are only presented as a summary. This would be followed by Education details and/or Professional Affiliations and/or Voluntary Initiatives.

Why some part of Plant explode upon touching?

Plants use many strategies to disperse their seeds, but among the most fascinating are exploding seed pods. 

Violets, poisonous squirting cucumbers, and touch-me-nots or Impatiens capensis (not to be confused with these touch-me-nots) have an effective way of dispersing their seeds: They burst! The forceful ejection sends the seeds flying as far away as possible from the original plant.

Several teams of scientists spanning different disciplines and countries, including Oxford mathematicians Alain Goriely and Derek Moulton, along with colleagues from Oxford's departments of Plant Sciences, Zoology and Engineering, worked together to discover how the seed pods of popping cress explode. A rapid movement like this is rare among plants: since plants do not have muscles, most movements in the plant kingdom are extremely slow. However, the explosive shatter of popping cress pods is so fast – an acceleration from 0 to 10 metres per second in about half a millisecond – that advanced high-speed cameras are required to see it.

The scientists, led by Angela Hay, a plant geneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, discovered that the secret to explosive acceleration in popping cress is the evolutionary innovation of a fruit wall that can store elastic energy through growth and expansion and can rapidly release this energy at the right stage of development.

How does a Pedometer Count Steps? How is it different from Passometer?

The first pedometers were mechanical models that worked much like a pendulum clock. They featured tiny moving parts that would move back and forth along with the motion of the body as you walked. Each time your body moved with a step, the tiny parts would trigger a switch that would add one to your step count.

Modern pedometers work in a very similar way but are partly electronic. Open one up and you'll find a metal pendulum (a hammer with a weight on one end) wired into an electronic counting circuit by a thin spring. Normally the circuit is open and no electric current flows through it. As you take a step, the hammer swings across and touches a metal contact in the center, completing the circuit and allowing current to flow. The flow of current energizes the circuit and adds one to your step count. As you complete the step, the hammer swings back again (helped by the spring) and the circuit is broken, effectively resetting the pedometer ready for the next step. The pedometer shows a count of your steps on an LCD display; most will convert the step count to an approximate distance in miles or kilometers (or the number of calories you've burned off) at the push of a button. Note that in some pedometers, the hammer-pendulum circuit works the opposite way: it's normally closed and each step makes it open temporarily.

More modern pedometers take advantage of the many technological advances that have been made in the last decade. Rather than moving mechanical parts, these newer pedometers keep track of steps with internal gyroscopes, accelerometers, and Global Positioning System (GPS) signals.

Modern pedometers can also interact with smartphones via Bluetooth technology. This allows your pedometer to communicate with your smartphone to let it know your current step count. Software applications on your smartphone can then display this information so it's easier to see. These applications can also use that data to calculate other variables, such as distance walked and the number of calories burned.

If you've ever used a pedometer, you know they're not always 100% accurate. A pedometer might not always recognize a step if your body doesn't move enough. On the other hand, it might also count steps when you're not walking if you're otherwise moving your body or shaking the pedometer.

Passometer is an electromechanical and portable instrument, which count the number of paces or velocity of the body movement. It automatically records the number of paces. Its mechanism is being operated by the movement of the body. It is similar to the speed meter of any mechanical transport. But the speed meter counts the speed per a unit distance. And Passometer counts the pace of the body which is a circular or periodic measurement.

The pedometer is also an electromechanical and also a portable instrument, which count each step a person takes by detecting the motion of the person's hands or hips. Mainly it counts the distance how much the user passes. Or how much distance he crossed by. It is adjusted according to the length of the pace of the person carrying it. It is important to use it vertically for better measurement.

How do Night Vision Goggles work?

Most night vision devices rely on an image intensifier tube, which uses ambient low-light processes as a sort of jumpstart for a process that creates tens of thousands of photons for each original photon. While these devices may use infrared light, they are by no means reliant on them.

The first component of an image intensifier tube is a photocathode, a very thin layer of conductive metal that, when struck by a photon, releases electrons due to the photoelectric effect.

This layer of metal is generally coated with a thin film of protective material, perhaps aluminum oxide, to prevent large positive ions from poisoning the photocathode. This film lowers the efficiency of the photocathode but increases its lifetime tremendously.

These electrons travel through the tube (which is a vacuum), accelerating under the influence of a strong electric field. This acceleration is important for inducing secondary electron emission in the next component of the image intensifier tube, the micro-channel plate detector.

The micro-channel plate detector, true to its name, is a plate with very small holes in it.

These channels are tiny, about 10 micrometers in diameter. Naturally, a single plate contains thousands of these channels. When an electron enters the plate, it bombards the sides of the channel (unless it entered almost perfectly parallel to the channel). If the electron strikes the side with enough energy, it induces the release of more electrons.

These micro-channels have the added benefit of keeping the electrons in the same general position from when they went in, reducing fuzziness. If the electrons were allowed to fly around willy-nilly, the end result would be akin to white noise on a television set.

For each micro-channel, every electron bounce with sufficient energy releases more electrons as they travel down the tube, resulting in a final wave of electrons three to four orders of magnitude larger than the original. This swarm of electrons makes its way to the final component of the image intensifier tube, the phosphor screen.

The phosphor screen is made of a material which releases photons when struck by electrons. 

Photons hit a photocathode, which releases electrons. These electrons are multiplied by a micro-channel plate detector. The multiplied electrons hit a phosphor screen, which releases photons that you can see.

What is Fast Charging? How does it work?

With fast charging, you can charge your phone a lot faster than normal. That's useful if you're about to leave and notice that your phone is almost empty. After a quick charge, your phone will last another couple of hours.

The output of a charge is measured in amperage and voltage. Amperage (or current) is the amount of electricity flowing from the battery to the connected device, while voltage is the strength of the electric current. Multiplying volts by amps gives you wattage, the measure of total power.

To make a device charge faster, most manufacturers either boost the amperage or vary the voltage in order to increase the amount of potential energy. The majority of fast charging standards typically vary the voltage rather than boost the amperage.

standard USB 3.0 ports output at a level of 5V/1A for smaller devices like wearables. Most phones and other devices are capable of handling 5V/2.4A. For fast charging, you're looking at something that bumps the voltage up 5V, 9V, 12V, and beyond, or increases amperage to 3A and above.

Keep in mind, your device will only take in as much power as its charging circuit is designed for. For fast charging to work, you need a phone or other device with a charging circuit capable of using one of the fast charging standards, and an adapter and cable enabled for that same standard.

Types of Fast Charging:

Quick Charge: Qualcomm’s Quick Charge is the most common fast-charging standard simply because lots of companies use Qualcomm chipsets.

Adaptive Fast Charging: Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging, by contrast, is found on most current-generation Samsung devices and uses a variance of Qualcomm’s Quick Charge 2.0 (QC2.0) protocol.

Apple Fast Charging: Apple mobiles supports Fast Charging.

Pump Express: MediaTek Pump Express is another fast charging standard. In this case, it relies on varying voltage while also bumping up the current. Smartphones using Pump Express include some from Xiaomi, Motorola, Nokia, and others.

Other fast charging standards include Oppo Super VOOC Flash Charge, OnePlus Dash Charging, and Huawei Super Charge. Each requires a smartphone from the same company. Both the Oppo and OnePlus standard increases the current rather than the voltage, while Huawei’s technology varies the voltage and amperage.

Finally, there’s ANKER Power IQ, Which takes a different approach to fast charging in that it’s compatible with many of the others. In doing so, Anker offers supported products that operate using a single USB-C port. Doing so can adjust the voltage output based on the fast charging technology backed by the connected device.

​​How does a Lie detector work?

A lie detector, also known as a Polygraph test works by detecting physiological changes due to a psychological stimulus. The earliest version of the instrument was developed in 1921 by John Larson who combined changes in respiration, heart rate and blood pressure as physiological changes that occur when a person is lying. The modern polygraph is a technologically advanced system that measures the same parameters with high levels of accuracy with computers. 

The theory behind lie detection tests are that when people are lying they experience a different emotional state when compared to telling the truth, it is believed that in high stake scenarios, being anxious or afraid of getting caught when being guilty of an offense manifests physiologically. This is due to the sympathetic nervous systems response of flight and fight that releases hormones which increase heart rate, elevate body temperature and respiration. 

The term polygraph originates from the use of multiple sensors on the person being monitored, poly stands for many and graph is the single strip of paper that the recording is done on. The sensors measure breathing, pulse rate, blood pressure and perspiration and in some cases even measure c
ertain muscular movements of the arms and legs. A control test is first conducted to record the changes in these parameters when the person is saying the truth and then compared to questions related to the offense committed, a polygraph examiner than compares both graphs and sees if there was any significant change during the questioning of the offense.

The accuracy of polygraph tests have been questioned since its inception and many scientists believe that it is accurate only 75% of the time, while many experienced polygraph examiners and analysts argue that its accurate 87% of the time. This is the reason why polygraph tests are not admissible in trial in many countries. There have been case studies of innocent people failing the lie detector test out of nervousness and guilty persons clearing it by keeping calm. Polygraph is still employed by employers in federal agencies and in military industries but with a combination of other lie detection techniques and background verification.

Why do Eggs turn hard when you boil them?

 Eggs are rich in proteins, the three main components are the egg shell, the egg white and the egg yolk. All proteins are made of building blocks called as amino acids arranged in chains, the specific folding a chain of amino acid undergoes gives a protein its properties. 

Now this structure can be modified by various applications of heat or chemicals and the process of changing the original structure of a protein is called as denaturing.  Denaturation in simple words, alters the bonds between the amino acids chains in the original or native structure of the protein, altering the bonds alters the properties of the protein. 

In case of an egg, the egg white which is a semi-fluid state in its native form, on application of heat through boiling clumps together and hardens, forming the white exterior of boiled eggs, the egg yolk which is also in a semi-fluid state hardens forming the hard yellow yolk we find in a boiled egg. 

However food scientists have found that boiling eggs for different duration of time leads in different extent of denaturation, enabling them to experiment with dishes that have a slightly runny yolk or a slightly soft texture to the boiled egg.

How do Smart Watches measure the Heartbeat on the wrist?

The heart rate monitor is based on a difficult to pronounce technology called photoplethysmography, but it basically comes down to using green LED lights paired with light‑sensitive photodiodes to illuminate your skin and measures changes in light absorption.

This lets the device detect the amount of blood flowing through your wrist at any given moment. Because blood is red, it reflects red light and absorbs green light.

“When your heart beats, the blood flow in your wrist — and the green light absorption — is greater. Between beats, it’s less,” reads the document.

The sensor are designed to compensate for low signal levels by increasing both LED brightness and sampling rate. That’s why the heart rate sensor on the back of the device flashes its LED lights hundreds of times per second, helping the device calculate hea
rt rates precisely.

But when it measures your heart rate every ten minutes, the Watch switches to using infrared light and if it fails to provide an adequate reading while using the infrared light, the device switches back to the green LEDs.

In order for the sensor to work as advertised, the Watch must be close to your skin. The company advises tightening the band in case the sensors aren’t reading your heart rate accurately.

How does Google Map predict traffic?

Google Maps bases its traffic views and faster-route recommendations on two different kinds of information: 

1. Historic Data

2. Real Time Data

Historical data is the average time it takes to travel a particular section of road at specific times on specific days

Real-Time data is sent by smartphones (GPS) that report how fast cars are moving right then.

Google Traffic uses crowd sourced traffic data and analyzes location details (based on GPS, WiFi and Cell Phone towers) transmitted to them by users of Android and Google Maps. By analyzing the speed of users along a stretch of road, Google generates a live traffic map.

With more and more people using Android devices and Google Maps, Google has millions and millions of minions providing traffic details on a real-time basis. Google analyzes the data obtained (and after removing the anomalies using its own set of algorithms) and provides us traffic flow that we see on our map, which is actually highly accurate real-time display of the number of Android phones that are currently trying to make the same trip.

Apart from their own devices, Google also uses external data services of AirSage and INRIX to increase the accuracy.

​​How does a Cellphone Vibrate?

Among the many components inside the phone is a small motor.

The motor is built in such a way that it is partially off-balanced. In other words, a mass of improper weight distribution is attached to the motor's shaft/axis. So when the motor rotates, the irregular weight causes the phone to vibrate.

Rotating unbalance is the uneven distribution of mass around an axis of rotation. A rotating mass, or rotor, is said to be out of balance when its center of mass (inertia axis) is out of alignment with the center of rotation (geometric axis). Unbalance causes a moment which gives the rotor a wobbling movement characteristic of vibration of rotating structures.

An eccentric rotating mass vibration motor (ERM) uses a small unbalanced mass on a DC motor, when it rotates it creates a force that translates to vibrations.

 A linear resonant actuator (LRA) contains a small internal mass attached to a spring, which creates a force when driven.

The faster the motor spins, the more it feels like a vibration than a wobble. Playstation and Xbox controllers use a similar setup with larger motors to simulate the vibration function.

Why can’t we store AC in Batteries instead of DC?

Electrical energy is not stored directly in a battery. The battery stores electrical energy in the form of chemical energy. 

Imagine that an alternating current (AC) is supplied directly to a rechargeable battery, with the negative terminal of the AC source connected to the negative terminal of the battery and the positive terminal of the AC source connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The current starts flowing. But something goes wrong.

Alternating Current (AC) changes its polarities (i.e. it flows in two directions). That is, in the one-half cycle of the AC waveform, current flows in one direction, but flows in the opposite direction during the other half cycle.

During the positive half cycle of the AC, conventional current flows to the battery through Cathode, and it gets charging. But when the AC gets to the negative half cycle, the current direction reverses, thereby leading to a discharge of the battery. And so on.

In the end, the positive half cycle of the AC that is charging the battery cancels out the negative half cycle that is discharging the battery.  So, the battery does not get charged.

In fact, if the Alternating Current (AC) continues to supply the battery, it could damage it.

To prevent the discharge of the battery caused by the negative half cycle of the AC, the battery terminals would have to be changed as the AC alternates from Positive to Negative half cycle. That is, the battery terminals would have to change as the AC changes. This will have to be done at the same frequency as the AC.

It means,if the frequency of the AC is 60Hz, the battery terminals would have to be changed 60 times in one second. Do you think this is possible? Not at all. Or probably not yet.

What is the Gel that is applied before an Ultrasound Scan?

Ultrasound is a special form of technology that sends pulsing sound waves at a high frequency deep into the tissue of a patient using a probe or a transducer. The gel is rubbed onto the skin to help the transducer easily glide along the surface and to replace air between the transducer and patient's skin, as ultrasound waves have trouble in traveling through air

. The device can receive and also send sound waves, which then appear as images that are seen on a computer screen. A sonographer looks at the images to make sure that everything appears normal. This is done in real time and the person operating the ultrasound technology can move the transducer or the probe as required to get a fully defined picture of what’s happening beneath skin level. Screenshot images can also be taken and printed out if required.

Ultrasound gel is composed of a mix of propylene glycol and water. Propylene glycol is a synthetic product that is commonly found in hygiene, cosmetic and food products. It is quite sticky and thick. It’s important for it to have a sticky texture so that it stays on your skin and doesn’t drip off when the ultrasound is being performed.

The gel has a shelf life of approximately 5 years if the bottle remains unopened. Once opened, however, it’s recommended that it be used up within 28 days for the purpose of infection control.

Another thing that can get in the way of reducing clear images is static electricity. Ultrasound gel eliminates the static so that the procedure can be done effectively without any risk of static getting in the way.

What is Lightning?

Lightning is a giant spark of electricity in the atmosphere between clouds, the air, or the ground. In the early stages of development, air acts as an insulator between the positive and negative charges in the cloud and between the cloud and the ground. When the opposite charges build up enough, this insulating capacity of the air breaks down and there is a rapid discharge of electricity that we know as lightning. The flash of lightning temporarily equalizes the charged regions in the atmosphere until the opposite charges build up again.

Lightning can occur between opposite charges within the thunderstorm cloud (intra-cloud lightning) or between opposite charges in the cloud and on the ground (cloud-to-ground lightning).

Lightning is one of the oldest observed natural phenomena on earth. It can be seen in volcanic eruptions, extremely intense forest fires, surface nuclear detonations, heavy snowstorms, in large hurricanes, and obviously, thunderstorms. 

Most, if not all, lightning flashes produced by storms start inside the cloud. If a lightning flash is going to strike ground, a channel develops downward toward the surface. When it gets less than roughly a hundred yards of the ground, objects like trees and bushes and buildings start sending up sparks to meet it. When one of the sparks connects the downward developing channel, a huge electric current surges rapidly down the channel to the object that produced the spark. Tall objects such as trees and skyscrapers are more likely than the surrounding ground to produce one of the connecting sparks and so are more likely to be struck by lightning. Mountains also make good targets. However, this does not always mean tall objects will be struck. Lightning can strike the ground in an open field even if the tree line is close by.

Why does your Stomach growl when you are hungry?

The growling sound you hear from your stomach when you're hungry is known as "borborygmi" (singular: borborygmus). It is a normal physiological response that occurs as a result of the movement and contraction of the muscles in your gastrointestinal tract.

When you haven't eaten for a while, your stomach and intestines go through a process called the migrating motor complex (MMC). The MMC is a cyclical pattern of contractions that helps move residual food particles, gas, and digestive secretions along the digestive system.

During the fasting phase, which occurs between meals or when you haven't eaten for some time, the MMC becomes more active. These contractions can create the rumbling or growling noises you hear.

The growling sounds are caused by the movement of gas and fluid in your intestines, as well as the contraction of muscles in the stomach and small intestine. The contractions can be quite forceful, and when they occur in the presence of air and fluid, they produce the characteristic rumbling sound.

It's important to note that borborygmi are not exclusive to hunger. They can also be caused by other factors, such as gas or the movement of stool through the digestive system. Additionally, some individuals may experience more noticeable stomach growling than others, even when they are not necessarily hungry.

What is Litmus Paper? How does it work?

Litmus paper is a type of pH indicator paper used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. It is impregnated with a mixture of natural dyes extracted from lichens, primarily Roccella tinctoria. Litmus paper is available in two common forms: blue litmus paper and red litmus paper.

The working principle of litmus paper relies on the concept of acid-base indicators. These indicators are substances that change color in response to changes in the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of a solution. Litmus paper contains indicators that exhibit different colors in acidic and alkaline conditions.

Here's how it works:

Blue Litmus Paper: Blue litmus paper is blue in its original form. When it comes into contact with an acidic solution, the blue litmus paper turns red. This color change occurs because the acidic solution donates hydrogen ions (H+) to the litmus paper, causing the blue dye to become protonated and change to a red form.

Red Litmus Paper: Red litmus paper is red in its original form. When it comes into contact with an alkaline (basic) solution, the red litmus paper turns blue. This color change happens because the alkaline solution accepts hydrogen ions from the litmus paper, causing the red dye to become deprotonated and change to a blue form.

It's important to note that litmus paper is a qualitative indicator, meaning it provides a visual indication of whether a substance is acidic or alkaline. However, it does not provide an exact measurement of the pH value. For precise pH measurements, more accurate instruments such as pH meters or pH test strips are used.

Litmus paper is widely used in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and medicine, for quick and simple pH testing. It is a cost-effective and convenient tool to determine the approximate pH of a solution and to classify it as acidic or alkaline based on the observed color change.

How do Fireworks get their colours?

Fireworks have an outside shell that’s called a mortar. It can be made of many things including cardboard, papier-mache or plastic.

Inside the mortar are compartments. The bottom compartment is filled with black powder (potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur) that will be the fuel for the firework.

The top compartment contains the pyrotechnic stars that make the colors and shapes we love to see. The stars are made of a fuel that burns and minerals and metals pressed together provide the color. The way the stars are arranged in the mortar provides the shape of the firework, like ovals, stars or rectangles.

Stars contain five basic types of ingredients.

• A fuel which allows the star to burn

• An oxidizer—a compound which produces (usually) oxygen to support the combustion of the fuel

• Color-producing chemicals 

• A binder which holds the pellet together.

• A chlorine donor which provides chlorine to strengthen the color of the flame. Sometimes the oxidizer can serve this purpose.

Some of the more common color-producing compounds are Barium which produces bright greens; strontium yields deep reds; copper produces blues; and sodium yields yellow. Other colors can be made by mixing elements: strontium and sodium produce brilliant orange; titanium, zirconium, and magnesium alloys make silvery white; copper and strontium make lavender. Gold sparks are produced by iron filings and small pieces of charcoal. Bright flashes and loud bangs come from aluminum powder.

How exactly does the Sun provide us with Vitamin D?

It is a myth that sunlight provides us vitamin D or vitamin D is present in sunlight. The fact is vitamin D is synthesized in plants, animals and humans in presence of sunlight.

There are two types of vitamin D - vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) present in plants including ergot and mushrooms and vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) in animals.

Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) are synthesised in presence of ultraviolet light (UV) of sunlight as given below.

In plants, the ergo-calciferol (vitamin D2) is derived from UV irradiation of ergosterol (a kind of sterol present in plants). In animals and humans, when skin is exposed to sunlight, chole-calciferol (vitamin D3) is produced in skin by UV irradiation of 7-dehydro-cholesterol (a kind of cholesterol present in animals and humans).

Sunlight triggers the first of three chemical reactions that converts an inactive compound in the skin into active vitamin D. Ultraviolet B rays from the sun convert a natural vitamin D precursor present in your skin, 7-dehydrocholesterol, into vitamin D3. This travels to the liver where the addition of oxygen and hydrogen to vitamin D3 changes it into 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Doctors test for this intermediate and still inactive form of vitamin D in blood to determine your vitamin D status. Final activation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D takes place in the kidneys, where more oxygen and hydrogen molecules attach to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and convert it into its active form known as 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, or calcitriol.

What causes Bones to make popping sounds?

To understand what happens when we 'crack' our knuckles, or any other joint, first we need a little background about the nature of the joints of the body. The type of joints that we can most easily 'pop' or 'crack' are the diarthrodial joints. These are our most typical joints. They consist of two bones that contact each other at their cartilage surfaces; the cartilage surfaces are surrounded by a joint capsule. Inside the joint capsule is a lubricant, known as synovial fluid, which also serves as a source of nutrients for the cells that maintain the joint cartilage. In addition, the synovial fluid contains dissolved gases, including oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

The easiest joints to pop are the ones in our fingers (the interphalangeal and the metacarpophalangeal joints). As the joint capsule stretches, its expansion is limited by a number of factors. When small forces are applied to the joint, one factor that limits the motion is the volume of the joint. That volume is set by the amount of synovial fluid contained in the joint. The synovial fluid cannot expand unless the pressure inside the capsule drops to a point at which the dissolved gases can escape the solution; when the gases come out of solution, they increase the volume and hence the mobility of the joint.

The cracking or popping sound is thought to be caused by the gases rapidly coming out of solution, allowing the capsule to stretch a little further. The stretching of the joint is soon thereafter limited by the length of the capsule. If we take an x-ray of the joint after cracking, we can see a gas bubble inside the joint. This gas increases the joint volume by 15 to 20 percent; it consists mostly (about 80 percent) of carbon dioxide. The joint cannot be cracked again until the gases have dissolved back into the synovial fluid, which explains why we cannot crack the same knuckle repeatedly

How are Pearls formed?

Natural pearls are made in oyster shells. The oyster sits on the bottom of the sea and keeps its shell shut, but occasionally a grain or two of sand sifts in. When that happens the oyster finds it irritating. It squirts out some stuff (like the stuff that makes its shell) to surround the sand and make it less irritating. The tiny grain of sand gets bigger and bigger in size as the stuff surrounds it and hardens. Eventually it gets to be quite a good sized “thing”. That “thing” is a pearl. The pearl can be pulled out of the shell and drilled.

In cultured pearls, people help the process along. They actually inject the sand into the oysters in pearl farms, and check to be sure the pearl is growing. When it is the appropriate size it is harvested and drilled.

Freshwater pearls are shaped liked grains of sand, but salt water pearls and cultured pearls are round.

Why does the Nose of some people start bleeding at Higher altitude?

There is a counter-pressure (equal and opposite) in our body with respect to atmospheric pressure at normal altitudes. Atmospheric Pressure decreases with increasing altitude. Hence, as we move to higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is less compared to the blood pressure as human body takes some time to adjust to the changes in atmosphere pressure. 

As you climb higher, the amount of oxygen in the air decreases. This makes the air thinner and dryer, which can in turn cause the inside of your nose to crack and bleed.

Another reason why mostly the nose is affected is that, humidity also takes a dip at higher altitudes. As the nose is the region where there is continuous inflow and no outflow of air, the soft inner skin(mucosa) loses its moisture rapidly and develops micro cracks.

First Aid:

Sit upright and tilt your head slightly forward. Pinch the soft part of your nose by applying pressure using thumb and a finger. Pinching sends pressure to the bleeding point on the nasal septum and often stops the flow of blood.

Breathe through your mouth while the nostrils are pinched.

After 10 minutes, check if the bleeding has stopped by releasing the pressure. If the bleeding hasn't stopped, reapply the pressure for another 10 minutes.

Apply an ice pack to your nose and cheeks. Cold will constrict the blood vessels and help stop the bleeding.

Why does banging your Elbow give you an Electric Shock?

The spot where it occurs is called the funny bone. The funny “bone” is actually a long vine of a nerve called the Ulnar Nerve.

Between the humerus and the forearm there exists a void, what is called the cubital tunnel, where the nerve is the most vulnerable as at the elbow the nerve is less protected by muscle, fat and skin and can be easily bumped.

When you hit your funny bone against something, the unprotected nerve is pressed against the bone. It is the squeezed or irritated ulnar nerve that spouts the waves of pain, emitting the “electric shock”. The waves terrorize the regions innervated by the nerve: the forearm, the pinkie and half of the ring finger.

A pinched nerve can start in several places throughout your body, but usually in the joints. When a pinched nerve is in your elbow, it can leave your arm and hand feeling sore, numb, or weak.

Pain and tingling sensations to shoot down your forearm. People often describe this sensation as an electric shock like pain typical of an irritated nerve. Usually, it quickly resolves, but it can also cause more persistent symptoms in some people. 

What is an Earthquake and what causes them to happen?

 Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. The Earth's crust is made up of several large plates that float on the molten rock of the mantle. When two plates grind against each other, tremendous pressure can build up. Eventually, that pressure is released in the form of an earthquake. The point where the plates meet is called a fault line, and the movement of the plates along the fault line is what causes the ground to shake during an earthquake.

In addition to plate tectonics, earthquakes can also be caused by human activity such as the injection of fluids into the ground, the extraction of oil and gas, or the building of large dams. These activities can change the stress and pressure on the Earth's crust, leading to the movement of faults and the generation of earthquakes.

Another type of earthquake is volcano-tectonic earthquake. Those are caused by the movement of magma, fluids and gases in the subsurface of a volcano. They are typically associated with volcanic activity and can be a precursor to an eruption.

Earthquakes can also be caused by underground nuclear explosions, or even meteorite impacts. However, these types of earthquakes are extremely rare.

In summary, the main cause of earthquakes is the movement of tectonic plates, but other causes include human activity, volcanic activity, nuclear explosions, and meteorite impacts.

Why do drugs come in different forms?

 

Medicines are basically given based on their target organ and mode of action desired, so if one wants a medicine for stomach, it makes sense to give a tablet which can then directly go to stomach and act. This works if you have direct access to the organ desired, like stomach, Intestines (especially large intestine through anal suppositories), mouth (through orally solvable tablets), skin (through ointments, lotions etc.). Problem occurs when you need drugs which act on organs you cannot directly have access to, like heart, Brain, small intestine, Pancreas, blood etc. For these we use different route of administration and special formulations like Capsules (which do not get disintegrated by gastric acids and can directly go to small intestine where they can dissolve and initiate their actions), Buccal or dermal patch (where you do not want immediate action but long lasting action) etc.

According to route of action:

1. If we need immediate action we use sublingual tablets, which provide almost immediate action in emergency cases like heart attacks, where nitroglycerine is given for immediate relief.

2. Oral route is the most preferred route if there is no emergency, its the one most comfortable and has the lowest cost but has other disadvantages like irritation of gastric mucosa, delay in onset of arrival and other unwanted metabolic reactions like drug being acted upon by intestinal enzymes. Different forms are Tablets ( It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, pressed or compacted from a powder into a solid dose), Capsules (where the drug is enclosed in a gel like covering allowing it to pass the barriers like stomach acids and be used as anal suppositories, also liquid form of drugs can also be given as capsules), syrup ( not much difference but some drugs are more active in liquid form, and sometimes its more comfortable like in case of children)

3. Topical: By delivering drugs almost directly to the site of action, the risk of systemic side effects is reduced. However, skin irritation may result, and for some forms such as creams or lotions, the dosage is difficult to control as it depends on the person applying the lotion/cream.

4. Inhalation: Inhaled medications can be absorbed quickly, and act both locally and systemically. Proper technique with inhaler devices is necessary to achieve the correct dose. Some medications can have an unpleasant taste or irritate the mouth. Inhalation by smoking or inhaling a substance through inhalers is likely the most rapid way to deliver drugs to the brain, as the substance travels directly to the brain without being diluted in the systemic circulation and effects are more potent. eg Cigarette smoking

5. Injection: The term injection encompasses intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) administration. Injections act rapidly, with onset of action in 15-30 seconds for IV, 10-20 minutes for IM, and 15-30 minutes for SC. They also have essentially 100% bioavailability meaning all drug injected goes directly into system, this can be used for drugs that are poorly absorbed or ineffective when given orally. Some medications, such as certain antipsychotics, can be administered as long-acting intramuscular injections. Ongoing IV infusions can be used to deliver continuous medication or fluids. Disadvantages of injections include potential pain or discomfort for the patient, and the requirement of trained staff using aseptic techniques for administration.

​​Does the Human body produce Electricity?

 Yes, the human body produces electricity through a process called "bioelectrogenesis." This process involves the movement of charged particles, or ions, across cell membranes, which creates a flow of electrical current.

In the body, cells called "neurons" generate and transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system. These signals are created by the movement of ions across the membranes of neurons. When a neuron is stimulated, ion channels on its membrane open, allowing positively charged ions to flow into the cell and negatively charged ions to flow out. This creates a difference in electrical charge across the membrane, known as a "membrane potential." When the membrane potential reaches a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered, which is a brief, rapid change in the membrane potential that allows the electrical signal to be transmitted along the neuron.

Other cells in the body, such as muscle cells and certain types of cells in the heart, also generate electrical activity through the movement of ions across their membranes. This electrical activity is essential for muscle contraction and the beating of the heart.

Overall, the production of electricity in the human body is a complex process that involves many different types of cells and physiological mechanisms.